Analgesics: A remedy to relief Pain



Analgesics are drugs that are used to relieve pain. Technically, the term analgesic refers to a medication that provides relief from pain without putting you to sleep or making you lose consciousness. Analgesic drugs act in various ways on central nervous and peripheral nervous systems. They are distinctive from anesthetics, that temporarily affect, and in some instances eliminate, sensation. Analgesics include paracetamol, the nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) such as the salicylates, and opioid drugs such as morphine and oxycodone.
Analgesics are classified into two types:
Anti-Inflammatory Analgesics:
Anti-inflammatory drugs are pharmaceuticals with anti-inflammatory, pain relieving, and illness-reducing effects. Inflammation is not an infection. Infections are caused by bacteria or viruses and are treated with antibiotics or antiviral drugs.
In long-term use, these may damage the mucous membrane of the gastrointestinal tract and cause intestinal bleeding.
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs alleviate pain by counteracting the cyclooxygenase enzyme. On its own, COX enzyme synthesizes the prostaglandins by creating inflammation. Most Probably, the NSAIDs prevent the prostaglandins from ever being synthesized, reducing or eliminating the pain.
Opioid Analgesics:
Opioid analgesics utilize their pharmacologic effects by binding to specific receptors both within and outside the central nervous system. Opioid analgesics are well absorbed when administered via subcutaneous, intramuscular, and oral routes; though, due to first pass effect, oral doses of opioids may need to be much higher when compared with parenteral doses to achieve the same therapeutic effect. Opioid drugs combine to opioid receptors in the brain, spinal cord, and other areas of the body. They tell your brain you’re not in pain.
They are applied to treat moderate to severe pain that may not respond well to other pain medications.
These are categorized as below:
Endogenous: Dynorphins, Endorphins, Enkephalins
Opium Alkaloids: Morphine, Codeine
Semisynthetic: Oxycodone
Synthetic: Methadone, fentanyl

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